Can algae feed the world and fuel the planet.

Is it possible that such a small organism like algae can be the solution to the modern age problems? Well a scientist called J. Craig Venter may have a solution. He specializes in plants and genetic modification, and he is one of the people that saw the huge potential in algae as a species. He believes that the future of agriculture, meat industry, even the future of the fuel industry lies in the study of synthetic biology and it’s continuous improvements. The basic aim is to be able to rewrite the genetic codes and get the cells do what we want them to do. The problem is finding pure clusters of algae that are robust and that can endure industrial conditions on a commercial basis. Also, to do all of that would take lots of time and money, so currently they are literally playing with algae and putting different genes in them to see what the outcome will be and finding the right combination of genes. They own the Exxon company, with a complex of Exxon refineries, and half of the money they earn, they use for lab experiments on algae. Venter has quite an interesting vision that’s in theory quite productive:  "It takes 10 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of beef, 15 liters of water to get one kilogram of beef, and those cows produce a lot of methane," another potent greenhouse gas” and why not get rid of cows.” According to Venter thanks to synthetic biology we could get our meet in test tubes from microbes.

No need to shrink guts to have a larger brain

Have you ever wonder why no other animals have a large brain? Well there is a theory that is called the expensive tissue hypothesis which suggests the trade off of the size of the brain and the and the size of digestion origins. Although now that theory is being challenged. Scientist have seen animals that their brains grew but not their organs. One example is us we grew larger brains but our size didn't change, this is because of the ability of waling upright and diet. As we all know the brain takes up lots of our energy that we could use for other things, like animals do. We know that if an animals brain stays small that is why they need more food or resources so they used their energy for moving or climbing trees instead of expanding the brain. Another interesting theory is that the more fat an animal has the smaller brain but fat doesn't waste our energy. Well it dose when we move and that is when it wastes our energy on walking more then brain expansion."It seems that large adipose deposits often come at the expense of mental flexibility," says Karin Isler. Our bypedalism doesn't waste much energy and that why we grew larger brains.

'Zombie' Worms Found in Mediterranean Fossil

Is it possible that worms know more about history than we think? There is a certain worm species called Osedax that represent a major concern for historians. It appears that they are eating up evidence of fossil records. They were first found in a whale fossil bones where it could have lived in for 7 years at least. According to researches they have lived in the ocean but they are currently found in the Mediterranean but they are still widely undiscovered. Any worms from the Osedax genus don’t have a mouth or gut but they grow root like tissue that dissolve the bone as they grow. They were first discovered in 2002 in whale’s bones in Monterrey bay California. Scientists cannot understand how they evolved and where they lived since of their soft body which does not leave a fossil. On the other hand they are still interested in to figure out what they can from the evidence that they have. One of the only ways to see if the worm has been there is by the distinctive bulb shaped cavities that they live behind. Owing to the fact that the Mediterranean dried out 6 million years ago and many sea animals died but it  was re-flooded by the Atlantic ocean, renowned professor concluded:  "There are 20 different species in Monterey, California alone, so it's almost certain there are many more out there. If Osedax were living the Mediterranean three million years ago there's no reason why they aren't living there now."